The Episcopal Church and Gay Clergy: Past & Present
Opposition, intolerance, and hate towards homosexuality originated in the church and that is where it must end. Only then can the gays truly be accepted as contributing members of society. This topic is also of particular interest to me because I am an aspirant for holy orders in the Episcopal Church; that is, I am to become a priest. Additionally, I am an openly gay person who has struggled with my love for God and the church, and my sexuality.
It is firstly important to explain the governance of the Episcopal Church and its relationship with the Anglican Communion. The Anglican Communion is the worldwide church which practices the traditions and beliefs of the historical Church of England; with the Archbishop of Canterbury as a symbolic and spiritual leader. The Episcopal Church of the United States is a member of the worldwide Anglican Communion–as is the Episcopal Church of Scotland, The Church of England itself, the Anglican Church of Canada, the Church of South Africa, as well as dozens of other independent churches who are bound together by: “our belief that Holy Scripture contains the very core of all Christian faith and thought, the many ancient and modern stories that connect us to Jesus and his teachings, discovering daily God’s hope and call to us through our life together” (Episcopal Church of the Ascension 2).
In the ..:namespace prefix = st1 ns = “urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags” />United States, the Episcopal Church is divided into geographic regions known as dioceses. Each diocese is then overseen and supervised by a bishop, who holds significant power and sets diocesan policy (although many times, the bishop delegates his powers to various committees, councils, and other governing bodies). For example, the Diocese of East Tennessee is presided over by Bishop Charles G. vonRosenberg. All bishops in the U.S. comprise the body known as the House of Bishops, which meets every three years in General Convention to make important church policy; and revisions, deletions, and additions to the Canon, or church law.
The first bold step towards inclusiveness was in 1977, by the then Bishop of New York, Paul Moore. In a brave step forward, he ordained the first openly lesbian woman to the priesthood, Ellen Barrett. Since her ordination, many priests have come out of the closet and are now openly gay. Additionally, there has been at least one closeted gay bishop—Bishop Otis Charles of Utah. After keeping his secret for decades, he retired in 1993 and came out of the closet.
Up until the 1970’s the Episcopal Church had no clear law established one way or the other in relation to acceptance and ordination of homosexuals. It was largely discretionary on the bishop of each diocese—as it is to some extent today (which will be discussed later). As far as church law is concerned, the first law passed in relation to lesbians and gays was at the General Convention of 1976. This resolution stated that: “it is the sense of this General Convention that homosexual persons are children of God and have a full and equal claim with all other persons upon the love, acceptance, and pastoral concern and care of the Church…this General Convention expresses its conviction that homosexual persons are entitled to equal protection of the laws with all other citizens, and calls upon our society to see that such protection is provided in actuality” (General Convention of 1976 C-109). Now obviously this resolution was not one of open acceptance of gays and lesbians, and their relationships. But it was, nevertheless, significant progress on the road towards all out inclusiveness–true to the slogan that is on all Episcopal church signs, “The Episcopal Church welcomes you!” It should be noted, however, that at the time this resolution was considered radical by most other Christian denominations who then shunned the Episcopal Church. The Episcopal Church has always been unique in its theology for it advocates faith by three pillars: scripture, reason, and tradition. As opposed to the conservative belief in scripture only, the Episcopalians believe that one should apply logic, reason, and plain common sense when looking at the Bible.
The Episcopal Church is particularly suited for those people who like to think for themselves and like to make up their own minds. In the Episcopal Church the priest does not preach at or talk down to the people in the pews. Instead the priest invites the people to think with him or her. As a result the Episcopal Church is a church of dialogue in which people are encouraged to make their own faith journeys. The clergy and other members of the congregation are there to support the person and to share their experiences with the person. But in the end the individual makes his or her decision in the faith journey. “ (Trinity Episcopal Church 1)
Several lesser convention resolutions were made concerning laity and church members, but the next significant one was in the General Convention of 1994. At this convention, the House of Bishops decided to extend non-discrimination laws to homosexuals with regard to the selection process for ordination. It also stated, however, that no right to ordination is guaranteed: “No one shall be denied access to the selection process for ordination in this Church because of race, color, ethnic origin, sex, national origin, marital status, sexual orientation, disabilities or age, except as otherwise specified by these Canons. No right to ordination is hereby established” (General Convention of 1994 811-12). Some bishops, however, have played around with this resolution so that it is followed to the letter of the law, but not to the implied meaning of the law. For example, the Bishop of East Tennessee maintains a policy of refusing to ordain non-celibate homosexuals. This means that he doesn’t discriminate based on sexual orientation–for gay people can, after all, be ordained. They cannot be ordained, however, if they are in a relationship with someone of the same gender. The Diocese of East Tennessee, however, is not necessarily indicative of all Episcopal diocese. Many dioceses affirm and fully embrace the gay and lesbian community. The General Convention of 2003 passed the following resolution, among other things: “That we recognize that local faith communities are operating within the bounds of our common life as they explore and experience liturgies celebrating and blessing same-sex unions” (General Convention of 2003 615f). This resolution, in essence, allowed for each bishop to set his or her own policies with regard to same-sex unions. The dioceses of Delaware, Long Island, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Vermont, and Washington have official policies and rites (or church-approved rituals) which can be used in the blessing of same-sex partnerships; which is the equivalent of heterosexual marriage (this as far as the church is concerned—the civil state and federal law is a whole other story). The dioceses of Hawaii and Massachusetts are also currently working on such rites.
In addition to the above mentioned dioceses, there are a dozens of bishops who do not maintain official diocesan policies, but instead leave it to the priests and their congregations to decide whether or not they want to have same-sex blessing ceremonies in their respective churches. The Diocese of East Tennessee (or to be more accurate, Bishop vonRosenburg) has forbidden all priests under his jurisdiction from performing such blessings and rituals. One lesbian woman, who serves as priest-in-charge for a small mission church in downtown Knoxville, was allowed to take the post (for her liberal congregation would accept no one else for their priest), but was forbidden to mention anything of her same-sex relationship in her sermons or in any other of her official capacities as priest.
This brings us to the forefront of the issue of gay clergy in our present day. In 2003, the first ever openly gay bishop was elected to the episcopate (or bishop hood). After serving the diocese of New Hampshire for more than 18 years as Canon to the Ordinary (assistant to the Bishop), he was appointed by the bishop and confirmed by the House of Bishops as Bishop Coadjutor (a bishop who will succeed the current bishop upon his retirement). On March 4, 2004 he was invested as the ninth bishop of the Diocese of New Hampshire.
United States and abroad. Many bishops in the Anglican Provinces in Africa were urging the worldwide church to expel the US church from the Anglican Communion; while other bishops were trying to open dialogue and conversation. On the home front, many people left the Episcopal Church and some Episcopal churches defected from the national church in an attempt to form their own independent church (although many of these congregations have since flickered and died). According to some bishops, however, the amount of people that have come to the church (both gay and straight) has more than made up for the people who left.
For the past century, Christian fundamentalists who claim to know of God and his divine purpose have violated, harassed, and utterly abused people. First it was black people and interracial marriages, then it was women and their supposed subservient role in society. Today it is the gays and lesbians whom they blame all of the world’s problems on—from hurricanes to wars, homosexuals are apparently the root of all evil. Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, “In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.” We are sick and tired of our friends and allies doing absolutely nothing. It is time the good Christians, the real Christians took back religion from the fundamentalists. As the title of retired Bishop Spong’s book goes, “…Christianity Must Change or Die!”
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Works Cited
http://www.etdiocese.net/trinity/episcchurch.html >.
Minneapolis 1976 (New York: General Convention, 1977), p. C-109.
Indianapolis, 1994 (New York: General Convention, 1995), pp. 811-12.
Minneapolis, 2003 (New York: General Convention, 2004), p. 615f.
http://www.knoxvilleascension.org/beliefs.htm >.
BUT WAIT…THERE’S MORE!
For more information visit www.integrityusa.org . This website is for an organization called “”Integrity” which is for gay and lesbian episcopalians. The local chapter here in east Tennessee is at www.integrityet.org
The website for Catholic gays/lesbians is dignityusa.org
I’m sure there are websites for other religions and gays/lesbians, so you might try a google search for your specific faith.
~originally posted on The Gospel According To Matthew’s page, and can be found at http://blog.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view&friendID=17825655&blogID=76632898&MyToken=7705ae19-37db-427b-a412-b936abf3d17a